Literature Review #3

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About the Author: 

Sean F. Reardon is an American sociologist who currently serves as the Endowed Professor of Poverty and Inequality in Education at the Stanford Graduate School of Education, where he also is a member of the Steering Committee of the Center for Education Policy Analysis.


Citations: 

Reardon, Sean F. “The Widening Income Achievement Gap.” Educational Leadership, vol. 70, no. 8, May 2013, pp. 10–16. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1029019&site=ehost-live.


Summary of the Article:

Sean F. Reardon conducted a comprehensive analysis of research to answer these questions and came up with some striking findings. In this article, he shows that income-related achievement gaps have grown significantly over the last three decades, even as black-white achievement gaps have closed. These gaps are already large when children enter kindergarten; in fact, they do not grow substantially during the school years. Gaps between low-income and higher-income students in other measures of education success (such as college completion rates and civic engagement) have also been growing. Reardon describes a constellation of socioeconomic trends that have led to the widening gap, and discusses the role that schools can play in helping to close the gap. 


Key terms:

Widening Income Inequality-  is the large disparity in how income is distributed between individuals, groups, populations, social classes, or countries. It is a major part of how we understand socioeconomic statuses, being how we identify the upper class, middle class, and working class.

Socioeconomic trends- such as worker and employer migration, increased life expectancy, and educational gaps, continue to magnify the numbers and kinds of people who work together in organizations


Quotes: 

“ The college-completion rate among children from high-income families has grown sharply in the last few decades, whereas the completion rate for students from low-income families has barely moved” (Reardon).


“ The growth in income inequality and in the correlation of income with other family resources means that family resources have become increasingly unequal at the same time that families are increasingly focused on their children’s education, a constellation of trends that has led to a rapidly growing disparity in the extent to which families invest their time and money in their children’s education” (Reardon).


“If we do not find ways to reduce the growing inequality in education outcomes, we are in danger of bequeathing our children a society in which the American Dream” (Reardon).


Value: 

This source will be valuable for my research because the author recommends three strategies: devoting more resources to the early grades; providing extended time in school and doing more to reduce socioeconomic segregation in school assignment and thus provide more equal access to high-quality teachers, stimulating curriculum and instruction, and adequate school resources. The use of these strategies will help reduce college completions gaps between low-income and high-income students because it claims to be effective.


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